ABSTRACT
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the role of a clinical pharmacist intervention in decreasing subsequent clinical and drug-related problems [DRPs] among coronary heart disease [CHD] inpatients with at least one previous DRP
Methods: This pre-experimental study with a pre-post design was carried out from January to April 2017 among inpatients with at least one previous DRP at a general hospital in Tangerang District, Banten, Indonesia. Clinical and DRPs were documented prospectively by a clinical pharmacist, with DRPs classified using Version 6.2 of the DRP classification scheme of the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe Foundation. The intervention consisted of a discussion of identified DRPs with physicians, patients, pharmaceutical logistics clerks, nurses and nutritionists. Following this, any subsequent clinical and DRPs were re-identified and further interventions were conducted as necessary
Results: A total of 75 inpatients were included in the study. Pre-intervention, there were 443 DRPs and 202 clinical problems. The most frequent DRPs were adverse drug reactions [52.6%], followed by drug effects [41.8%]. Most DRPs were of moderate severity and would have resulted in moderate consequences had the pharmacist not intervened. The interventions resulted in a significant reduction in the number of DRPs, type of DRPs and number of clinical problems [P <0.05 each]. Patients with complications were 26.047 times more likely to have no reduction or an increased number of clinical problems compared to patients without complications [P <0.05]
Conclusion: Clinical pharmacist interventions were found to reduce subsequent DRPs and clinical problems among CHD patients with at least one previous DRP
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the effects of Ageratum conyzoides L. on the monosodium iodoacetate induced osteoarthritis rats.@*METHODS@#Thin layer chromatography was performed to analyze the constituents of the babandotan extract leaves. White male Sprague-Dawley rats used in this study were divided into 6 groups: normal control and negative control groups, both given 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose; the positive control group that was given glucosamine and chondroitin suspension (486 mg/200 g B.W.); the 3 dose variation extract groups including dose 1, 2, and 3 that were given 40, 80, and 160 mg/200 g B.W. respectively on day 29 until 50. All the groups were induced with 0.05 mL monosodium iodoacetate (20 mg/mL) on day 1, except normal control induced by saline. Measurement of edema volume of rat knees was performed on day 0, 8, 15, 22, 29, 43, and 50. Hematology data was measured at day 1, 29 and 50. Serum was collected at day 50 to evaluate TNF-α and MMP-9 by ELISA. Cartilage histopathology was evaluated by staining with H&E and Safranin-O-fast green staining on day 50.@*RESULTS@#The babandotan leaves extract dose 2 (80 mg/200 g B.W.) and dose 3 (160 mg/200 g B.W.) could decrease the edema volume, increase the area and thickness of articular cartilage, and increase proteoglycan level. Particularly, dose 3 (160 mg/200 g B.W.) of extract babandotan leaves were able to significantly decrease the number of leukocytes, lymphocytes and udem volume, and decrease TNF alpha and MMP-9 levels.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Babandotan leaves extract can recover inflammation and cartilages degradation by inhibiting TNF-α in inflammation processes and MMP-9 in the collagenase reaction in the cartilages.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the effects of Ageratum conyzoides L. on the monosodium iodoacetate induced osteoarthritis rats. Methods Thin layer chromatography was performed to analyze the constituents of the babandotan extract leaves. White male Sprague–Dawley rats used in this study were divided into 6 groups: normal control and negative control groups, both given 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose; the positive control group that was given glucosamine and chondroitin suspension (486 mg/200 g B.W.); the 3 dose variation extract groups including dose 1, 2, and 3 that were given 40, 80, and 160 mg/200 g B.W. respectively on day 29 until 50. All the groups were induced with 0.05 mL monosodium iodoacetate (20 mg/mL) on day 1, except normal control induced by saline. Measurement of edema volume of rat knees was performed on day 0, 8, 15, 22, 29, 43, and 50. Hematology data was measured at day 1, 29 and 50. Serum was collected at day 50 to evaluate TNF-α and MMP-9 by ELISA. Cartilage histopathology was evaluated by staining with H&E and Safranin-O-fast green staining on day 50. Results The babandotan leaves extract dose 2 (80 mg/200 g B.W.) and dose 3 (160 mg/200 g B.W.) could decrease the edema volume, increase the area and thickness of articular cartilage, and increase proteoglycan level. Particularly, dose 3 (160 mg/200 g B.W.) of extract babandotan leaves were able to significantly decrease the number of leukocytes, lymphocytes and udem volume, and decrease TNF alpha and MMP-9 levels. Conclusions Babandotan leaves extract can recover inflammation and cartilages degradation by inhibiting TNF-α in inflammation processes and MMP-9 in the collagenase reaction in the cartilages.